![in dna, a purine must always pair with a pyrimidine and vice versa in order to ensure that in dna, a purine must always pair with a pyrimidine and vice versa in order to ensure that](http://www.columbia.edu/cu/biology/courses/w3034/Larry/readings/PurineChapter/8883n27_19.jpg)
![in dna, a purine must always pair with a pyrimidine and vice versa in order to ensure that in dna, a purine must always pair with a pyrimidine and vice versa in order to ensure that](http://photos.demandstudios.com/getty/article/152/239/CC000785.jpg)
In process called RNA splicing, introns are cut off and exons are connected together to first form mature mRNA introns will not be used for the creation of polypeptide and must be removed The newly formed RNA transcript is called the pre-mRNA The RNA polymerase will copy the complementary from the anti-sense strand to get a copy of the sense strand Strand with promoter called sense strand, and the other DNA strand is called the anti-sense strand RNA separates from DNA and helix shape reforms RNA polymerase forms covalent bond between nucleotides RNA nucleotides pair with their complementary base on one strand of DNA only The DNA to be transcribed is separated by RNA polymerase in the 5′ to 3′ from the promoter RNA polymerase binds to site on DNA called promoter In most cases, one polypeptide is made using one type of mRNA (one gene – one polypeptide concept) RNA needed to carry information to make a new polypeptide is called a mRNA Translation is the synthesis of a polypeptide with an amino acid sequence which is determined by RNA Base sequence of a newly formed mRNA is the same as the sequence on the sense-strand Transcription is the synthesis of RNA using DNA as a template 2 processes are needed to produce a polypeptide. The RNA polymerase breaks apart and rewinds the DNA making mRNA in the process. The last graph shows transcription shown by the growing blue RNA made from the DNA. This is called the replication bubble and is created when the DNA Helicase unzips the DNA in both ways, exposing the strands and allowing for the synthesis of new strands identical to the sense strand. The graph in the middle shows DNA replication because there is a bubble forming in the DNA double helix. We can clearly see the large and small subunits “sandwiching” the strand. The picture shows a polysome as there are many rRNA’s working on one mRNA. The green lines are amino acids connected together by the rRNA.
In dna, a purine must always pair with a pyrimidine and vice versa in order to ensure that code#
Process continues until termination code is reachedġ. The first graph on the left shows translation shown by the growing polypeptides from the mRNA. Peptide bond forms between the amino acids in P and A sites Large ribosomal subunit binds to small one Initiating tRNA with methionine binds to AUG mRNA binds to small subunit of ribosome at mRNA binding site –Each tRNA molecule is recognized by tRNA activating enzyme which binds amino acid to specific tRNA using ATP Ribosome move along mRNA until stop codon is reached and polypeptide released Two tRNA bind at once and the fist one transfers the growing polypeptide chain to the second one tRNA binds to ribosomes where anticodon matches the one on mRNA mRNA binds to small subunit of ribosomes Takes place in ribosomes and always starts in cytoplasm Has a exit site, peptidyl site, and a aminoacyl site Many ribosomes may bind to a single mRNA called a polysome Ribosomes in the endoplasmic reticulum makes lysosomes or proteins for export
![in dna, a purine must always pair with a pyrimidine and vice versa in order to ensure that in dna, a purine must always pair with a pyrimidine and vice versa in order to ensure that](https://journals.asm.org/cms/10.1128/mSphere.00813-20/asset/7851b307-1a80-45ef-bb49-6f75ee73d0da/assets/graphic/msphere.00813-20-f0003.jpeg)
Ribosomes in cytoplasm makes proteins for use within the cell